Assilah Forum Foundation symposium on "Integration in Africa"

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Written by alib

Category: Africa

Published: 26 June 2018

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ASSILAH, MOROCCO - The Assilah Forum Foundation is organising a symposium on "Integration in  Africa: consensus and dysfunction" in Assilah, Morocco, from 29-30 June 2018.
The Symposium which will be inaugurated by the Senegalese President Macky Sall
will be followed on 1 July by the Tchicaya U Tam'si Poetry Award for African Poetry, This is the 11th edition of ther award. This biennial recompenses a poet from africa for his or her entire work.

The syposium will focus primirily on:

•    Beyond what is already known, what new paradigms, methodologies and approaches might contribute towards  a better African Integration?

•    How is it possible to work around, exceed and resolve the dysfunctioning: what solutions and what means?

•    What role can the cultures and civilisations of Africa play towards a future united Africa?


The idea of regional integration in Africa was and still is an ultimate objective for all the citizens of the continent and a good number of its politicians and intellectuals. It was also a great dream of its founding fathers and of the great African nationalists, a vision which led to the creation in 1963 of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU)  (Which became African Union in 2002) and other regional and sub-regional institutions.

Yet, despite the many achievements and evolutions on the continent, and the great hope brought about by the African Union (OAU), the process of integration still faces numerous challenges, obstacles, and dysfunction.

If we diagnose the idea of integration in Africa, the evaluations which emanate lead us firstly to reflect on and review its history, of all the processes initiated towards integration on the continent since the independences up to the present day in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of all these experiences. More qualitative scrutiny leads us to quite alarming facts given that this entire process has not achieved one iota of this Pan-African dream be it through economic integration which struggles to bring into existence accomplished real regional markets or sub-regional, or to achieve unions and community spaces, this time political, and capable of facilitating the ultimate dream.

Economic integration is still not there yet to bring into existence accomplished regional markets or sub-regional ones to facilitate the attainment of the ultimate dream.

It is now necessary to make new efforts and bring new reflections with paradigms and questions as to revive the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) towards more convergence in all of their policies. The situation is such because no real growth, no take-off of the continent will be achievable without wide, protected internal markets which are viable through their intrinsic strength of production and consumption. It is also urgent to be equipped with efficient political super-structures, systems of good governance adapted to the demands of an integration which turns its back on the bygone chauvinism and nationalism of the Jacobin nation states inherited from colonial powers. All these prerequisites for a successful integration must be anchored in a vision that can never be over-emphasised if Africa wants to move towards the conquest of its future and not undergo a future that had been planned for it. In other words, Africa must “decolonise its future”.

Today, if we are consistent with the aspirations of the African Union announced in the agenda for 2063 and if we note the predictions of the continent in terms of union and integration, it is obvious that we are still far from reaching the sought-after integration.

Burning Cameroon: Images you're not meant to see

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Written by alib

Category: Africa

Published: 26 June 2018

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LONDON - A man calmly sets fire to a house, watched by a group of at least 12 men dressed in fatigues, helmets, and black webbing consistent with those worn by an elite army unit in Cameroon.

"I want to die," a village chief tells his tormentors as they beat and threaten to kill him. They appear to be members of a separatist militia.

Captured on video and shared widely on social media, these are among dozens of clips that have been pouring out of Cameroon over the last six months, some of which have been analysed by BBC Africa Eye.

Some of them show burning villages. Others record acts of torture and killing. Many are too graphic to show.

Though often confusing and hard to verify, these films show a nation sliding towards a brutal civil war as the government tries to suppress an armed insurgency in the English-speaking areas of western Cameroon.

Footage recorded in late April this year shows a unit of at least 13 soldiers setting fire to a house in Azi, a village in Cameroon's Anglophone South-West region.

BBC Africa Eye has confirmed the location by matching buildings to satellite imagery, and comparing the fire damage shown in a subsequent video from the same village.

These men appear to be members of the government's security forces. Their fatigues, helmets and webbing are all consistent with those worn by Cameroon's Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR), an elite army unit that has been equipped and trained by the US and Israel.

A local resident also told the BBC that the troops who destroyed homes in Azi belonged to the BIR. But a government spokesperson says the men's identity is unclear.

"They [the separatists] are able to acquire military uniforms of the Rapid Intervention Battalion or any other brigade of the defence forces in order to perpetrate their crime and blame our defence and security forces for it," Cameroon's Communication Minister Issa Tchiroma Bakary said.

He told the BBC the incident was being investigated to "shed light on what exactly happened".


Burnt to the ground


Amateur footage captured another attack on 29 April, this time on Munyenge, also in South-West region, showing the centre of the village ablaze.

The BBC has spoken to three residents of Munyenge who all say that the village was destroyed by government forces.

One man said that troops burned many houses, killed civilians and decapitated a body.

Satellite imagery from before and after this attack shows the extent of the destruction.

A few days later, in early May, a video posted to Facebook showed the nearby village of Kuke Mbomo after a raid allegedly by soldiers.

BBC Africa Eye examined the footage frame by frame and confirmed its location.

The video shows a man holding live ammunition and shouting to the camera: "These are for us, for civilians, to kill us!"

Anglophone activists say close to 70 villages in the South-West have been targeted over the past year - and that the violence is continuing.

Using satellite imagery, the BBC has identified at least four villages that have been extensively damaged by fire in recent months.

Although we cannot confirm who is responsible for torching these villages, lawyer and activist Agbor Nkongho blames government forces.


Colonial roots


This is a conflict that has been building for decades.

The division between Cameroon's French-speaking majority and its English-speaking minority has its roots in the colonial era.

Cameroon was colonised by Germany and then split into British and French areas after World War One.

After French-administered Cameroon gained independence in 1960, the two parts of the country formed a single nation the following year.

This followed a referendum, when British-run Southern Cameroons voted to join the French-speaking Republic of Cameroon in 1961, while Northern Cameroons voted to join English-speaking Nigeria.

Even then, some English-speakers felt they had been forced into the new republic.

Cameroon became a federation of two states - one English-speaking, the other French-speaking - under one president.

A decade later in 1972, another public vote saw Cameroon dropping its federal form to become a unitary state.

Ever since, many Anglophones have complained that their regions were being neglected and excluded from power.


Mobile phones banned for officers


These simmering tensions bubbled over into violence in 2016.

It started as a protest by lawyers and teachers demanding better provision for the use of English.

But tensions rose, leading to confrontation between the security forces, a 93-day blackout of internet services across Anglophone Cameroon, and separatist militants fighting for the breakaway state of "Ambazonia".

Since then, there have been reports of atrocities on all sides - kidnappings, extra-judicial killings and the burning of villages.

Amnesty International says that English-speaking Cameroon is now gripped in a "deadly cycle of violence".

The rights group alleges the government crackdown and unrest has gradually turned into an armed conflict, leaving the general population at the whim of two opposing forces.

The government has taken some steps to address the issue of language, which sparked the crisis, setting up the National Commission for the Promotion of Bilingualism and Multiculturalism last year.

The communications minister also says incidents of alleged tortured are being investigated after a video, recorded in May 2018, appears to show military police officers abusing a separatist commander. BBC analysis places the footage outside the military police post in the village of Nkongle.

"If a soldier or soldiers were to be found guilty of such behaviour, I am telling you that they would be court-martialled immediately," Mr Bakary said.


Schools torched by rebels


It is not just the government accused of committing abuses. Separatist rebels have also killed Cameroonian security forces and attacked civilians accused of working with the government.

The rebels have also attacked and burnt down schools - according to Amnesty at least 42 schools were attacked by armed separatists between February 2017 and May 2018.

Anglophone activists called for a complete school boycott last year to exert further pressure on the authorities. Amnesty has images of a teacher who was shot for keeping his school open.

A new video shows a village chief being beaten, apparently by a rebel who threatens to kill him.

The government says that 81 members of the security forces and more than 100 civilians have been killed by separatists in the past year.

No official figures are available for civilian and separatists' deaths at the hands of the security forces.

Prime Minister Philémon Yang has accused Cameroonians living overseas of using social media to "spread hate speech and terror" and "order murders".

This week, the gendarmerie - Cameroon's military police force - banned officers from using mobile phones or social networks such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter without permission.

Aid agencies' efforts to assist civilians have been frustrated by the struggle to access conflict areas.

As Cameroon's Anglophone crisis continues, both the UK and France have discreetly pressed for dialogue.

The US Ambassador to Cameroon, Peter Barlerin, has taken a harder stance. He recently accused the army of burning and looting villages and also suggested that after 35 years in power, President Paul Biya might want to consider stepping down.


The 'absentee president' who rarely holds cabinet meetings


Cameroon faces increasing international scrutiny in its approach to the crisis, with general elections scheduled for October 2018.

Thousands of families have been forced from their homes by the fighting.

While 21,000 people have fled across the border into Nigeria, the UN estimates that a further 160,000 are displaced within Cameroon.

Amnesty seeks release of Mauritania anti-slavery activists

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Written by northsouth

Category: Africa

Published: 03 July 2018

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